Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics
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Broad-spectrum antibiotics are bacteriostatic, that is, they inhibit the growth of the bacteria without destroying them. They are effective against a wide range of bacteria, large viruses, and other organisms like rickettsiae. These prescription drugs are useful in many common disorders in which there is mixed infection caused by more than one group of bacteria. In addition, although broadspectrum antibiotics are effective in most common infections, they cannot replace penicillins, which are both less toxic and more effective in certain cases. Although their use is declining because of development of resistance but some of them are very useful in pimples with infection, chronic bronchitis, resistant malaria, mycoplasma pneumonia (pneumonia due to mycoplasma organisms) and Typhus fever.
Adverse Effects of Tetracyclines: In about ten per cent of the cases Tetracyclines may cause pain in the abdomen, nausea, and vomiting owing to irritation of the stomach. These drugs may cause diarrhoea owing to disturbance in the intestinal bacterial flora. Tetracyclines can also cause photosensitive actions in the form of blisters on the exposed parts of the body. This is most common with demeclocycline (in about 90% cases). This may also lead to discolouration and damage of teeth. All of them may cause kidney damage but doxycycline is considered safer. Minocycline may causes ear damage, and giddiness and unsteadiness.
Precautions
- Tetracyclines should not be taken with milk or antacids as their combination makes insoluble complexes which cannot be absorbed.
- They should not be taken on an empty stomach to avoid irritation.
- These should be taken more cautiously by patients of hyperacidity or peptic ulcers to avoid aggravation of these conditions.
- The use of tetracyclines should be avoided during pregnancy (can cause liver damage) and in children up to 12 years of age owing to the adverse effects on teeth and bones (bone) growth is retarded).
- They should not be given to patients with a pre-existing kidney disease.
- A person taking demeclocycline should not expose himself to sunlight.
